Infective Endocarditis
- drtayibal
- Apr 18
- 2 min read











References
Holland TL, Bayer AS, Fowler VG. Chapter 80: Endocarditis and Intravascular Infections. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ed. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Elsevier;2020:1068-1108
Palraj R, Knoll BM, Baddour LM, Wilson WR. Chapter 81: Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ed. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Elsevier;2020:1109-1123
Husson J, Wright WF. Chapter 7: Infective Endocarditis. In: Wright WF, ed. Essentials of Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2nd ed. Springer;2018:57-66
Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, et al. Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association [published correction appears in Circulation. 2015 Oct 27;132(17):e215] [published correction appears in Circulation. 2016 Aug 23;134(8):e113] [published correction appears in Circulation. 2018 Jul 31;138(5):e78-e79]. Circulation. 2015;132(15):1435-1486.
Chu VH, Wang A. Clinical manifestations and evaluation of adults with suspected left-sided native valve endocarditis. In: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), Wolters Kluwer. (Accessed on Jan 27, 2024.)
Wang A, Sexton DJ. Overview of management of infective endocarditis in adults. In: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), Wolters Kluwer. (Accessed on Jan 22, 2024.)
Karchmer AW, Chu VH. Prosthetic valve endocarditis: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. In: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), Wolters Kluwer. (Accessed on Jan 22, 2024.)
Chu VH. Native valve endocarditis: Epidemiology, risk factors, and microbiology. In: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), Wolters Kluwer. (Accessed on Jan 22, 2024.)
The 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(44):3036-3037. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv488
Fowler VG, Durack DT, Selton-Suty C, et al. The 2023 Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Criteria for Infective Endocarditis: Updating the Modified Duke Criteria [published correction appears in Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Oct 13;77(8):1222]. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77(4):518-526.
Delgado V, Ajmone Marsan N, de Waha S, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis [published correction appears in Eur Heart J. 2023 Sep 20;:] [published correction appears in Eur Heart J. 2024 Jan 1;45(1):56]. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(39):3948-4042.
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